Arabic · WAA01 (Unit 1)
إنّ وأخواتها: inna and her sisters
A small group of particles changes the case endings of a nominal sentence. Using them correctly is a mark of accurate formal Arabic.
The rule
In a nominal sentence (جملة اسمية) the subject (المبتدأ) and predicate (الخبر) are both nominative (مرفوع). After إنّ or one of her sisters, the subject becomes accusative (منصوب) and is called اسم إنّ; the predicate stays nominative and is called خبر إنّ.
الطالبُ مجتهدٌ -> إنّ الطالبَ مجتهدٌ
The sisters
- إنّ: indeed (emphasis)
- أنّ: that
- لكنّ: but
- كأنّ: as if
- ليتَ: if only
- لعلّ: perhaps
With pronouns
An attached pronoun can be the subject: إنّه، إنّها، لعلّك. The sound masculine plural takes -ين in the accusative: إنّ المعلّمين حاضرون.
Worked example
Add لعلّ to: الجوُّ جميلٌ
- لعلّ makes the subject accusative: الجوَّ.
- The predicate stays nominative: جميلٌ.
Answer: لعلّ الجوَّ جميلٌ
Check yourself
- After إنّ, the subject (اسم إنّ) is
- accusative (منصوب)
- nominative (مرفوع)
- genitive (مجرور)
- jussive (مجزوم)
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accusative (منصوب). إنّ makes its subject accusative.
- After إنّ, the predicate (خبر إنّ) is
- accusative (منصوب)
- genitive (مجرور)
- nominative (مرفوع)
- it disappears
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nominative (مرفوع). The predicate stays nominative.
- Choose the correct sentence.
- إنّ الدرسَ سهلٌ
- إنّ الدرسُ سهلٌ
- إنّ الدرسَ سهلاً
- إنّ الدرسِ سهلٍ
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إنّ الدرسَ سهلٌ. Subject accusative (الدرسَ), predicate nominative (سهلٌ).
- Which sister means 'if only'?
- لعلّ
- كأنّ
- لكنّ
- ليتَ
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ليتَ. ليت expresses a wish, often impossible.
- Complete: إنّ ___ حاضرون (the teachers, masc. plural).
- المعلّمون
- المعلّمين
- المعلّمِ
- المعلّمونَ
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المعلّمين. Sound masculine plural in the accusative ends in -ين.
Sources
Last updated 7 November 2026. Spotted a mistake? Email alevel@lifereadysociety.com.