Arabic · WAA01 (Unit 1)

إنّ وأخواتها: inna and her sisters

A small group of particles changes the case endings of a nominal sentence. Using them correctly is a mark of accurate formal Arabic.

The rule

In a nominal sentence (جملة اسمية) the subject (المبتدأ) and predicate (الخبر) are both nominative (مرفوع). After إنّ or one of her sisters, the subject becomes accusative (منصوب) and is called اسم إنّ; the predicate stays nominative and is called خبر إنّ.

الطالبُ مجتهدٌ -> إنّ الطالبَ مجتهدٌ

The sisters

With pronouns

An attached pronoun can be the subject: إنّه، إنّها، لعلّك. The sound masculine plural takes -ين in the accusative: إنّ المعلّمين حاضرون.

Worked example

Add لعلّ to: الجوُّ جميلٌ

  1. لعلّ makes the subject accusative: الجوَّ.
  2. The predicate stays nominative: جميلٌ.

Answer: لعلّ الجوَّ جميلٌ

Key idea: After إنّ وأخواتها: subject accusative (اسم إنّ), predicate nominative (خبر إنّ).

Check yourself

  1. After إنّ, the subject (اسم إنّ) is
    • accusative (منصوب)
    • nominative (مرفوع)
    • genitive (مجرور)
    • jussive (مجزوم)
    Show answer

    accusative (منصوب). إنّ makes its subject accusative.

  2. After إنّ, the predicate (خبر إنّ) is
    • accusative (منصوب)
    • genitive (مجرور)
    • nominative (مرفوع)
    • it disappears
    Show answer

    nominative (مرفوع). The predicate stays nominative.

  3. Choose the correct sentence.
    • إنّ الدرسَ سهلٌ
    • إنّ الدرسُ سهلٌ
    • إنّ الدرسَ سهلاً
    • إنّ الدرسِ سهلٍ
    Show answer

    إنّ الدرسَ سهلٌ. Subject accusative (الدرسَ), predicate nominative (سهلٌ).

  4. Which sister means 'if only'?
    • لعلّ
    • كأنّ
    • لكنّ
    • ليتَ
    Show answer

    ليتَ. ليت expresses a wish, often impossible.

  5. Complete: إنّ ___ حاضرون (the teachers, masc. plural).
    • المعلّمون
    • المعلّمين
    • المعلّمِ
    • المعلّمونَ
    Show answer

    المعلّمين. Sound masculine plural in the accusative ends in -ين.

Practise with instant feedback

Sources

Last updated 7 November 2026. Spotted a mistake? Email alevel@lifereadysociety.com.